Although the correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and concrete actions to set up a business or the Probability of Starting a Business has been widely studied, the psychological factors that can affect this relationship have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. One of them is curiosity. Both at theoretical and empirical level, a distinction are usually made between two types of curiosity. I-type curiosity is associated with the anticipated pleasure of discovering something new, and D-type curiosity is (...) associated with reducing uncertainty and eliminating unwanted states of ignorance. Consequently, this paper aims to analyze the moderating role that the types of curiosity play in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering their interaction with sociodemographic variables. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1,761 participants. The EO scale and a curiosity scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of both types of curiosity in the relationship between EO and PSB. Next, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify, which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of curiosity. The results show that only the D-type component moderates the relationship between EO and PSB: The higher the D-type curiosity, the stronger the association between EO and PSB. In terms of sociodemographic variables, neither culture nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exerted by D-type curiosity. While, age did moderate the moderating effect of D-type curiosity on the relationship between EO and PSB. Results are discussed in terms of spirituality and the resolution of problems associated with the entrepreneurial process, considering cognitive and psychological factors, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only D-type curiosity shows a moderating effect. Finally, the limitations of the study and potential future lines of research are pointed out. (shrink)

This research explores the effect of servant leadership on prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB) and the mediating mechanism of public service motivation (PSM) between the association of servant leadership and PSRB. The said phenomenon is examined in the civil service context of Pakistan during the continuing crises of the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation where the traditional civil service policy and rule system has become highly complicated for passionate employees’ service performance and efficiency, and where servant leadership has received greater attention for inspiring (...) the attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of frontline workers during the pandemic. Data were collected from 546 frontline workers of the corona relief tiger force. The findings of the study revealed that servant leadership has a significant effect on PSRB and PSM, and that PSM significantly promotes PSRB. The results also revealed that servant leadership has a significant impact on PSRBviaengendering PSM. (shrink)

There is vast evidence that accounts for the association between entrepreneurial orientation and the probability of starting a business. However, there are not many studies that test how psychological factors moderate this relationship. A variable that has been little studied in this relationship is Grit. Grit is considered a personality trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Grit considers two sub-dimensions, one linked to the consistency of interests and the other linked to perseverance in the effort. The objective (...) of this article is to analyze the moderating role that both sub-dimensions of grit plays in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering its interaction with sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and culture. This cross-sectional study has a sample of 1,761 participants, active workers. The EO scale and a Grit Scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of grit in the relationship between EO and PSB. Subsequently, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of grit on the relationship in question. The results show that only the Grit-Passion component of grit moderates the relationship between EO and PSB. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, neither age, culture, nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exercised by Grit-Passion in the relationship between OE and PSB. The results are discussed in terms of psychological capital, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only the Grit-Passion shows a moderating effect on the relationship between EO and PSB, in detriment of Grit-Perseverance. In addition, the power of grit in the field of entrepreneurship is discussed, considering that its moderating effect is transversal to variations in age, gender and culture, as well as its relevance when considering interventions and pedagogical models in the field of entrepreneurship. (shrink)

La Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica-Perú, debido al Covid 19 se adecuó a la virtualidad implementando el aula virtual Laureasea. Esta investigación se realizó durante el semestre académico 2021-1. Objetivo: analizar de qué manera la educación virtual mejora el desempeño docente. Participaron 430 docentes de las 24 facultades respondiendo una encuesta virtual. Resultados significativos: 80% dictó una clase virtual por primera vez, 60% tenía acceso a una aula virtual, 68% ha mejorado su desempeño y 75% prefiere las clases (...) presenciales. Conclusiones: La educación virtual mejora significativamente el desempeño docente y prefieren el dictado de clases presenciales. (shrink)

Presentamos las dificultades relatadas por estudiantes de pedagogía de dos universidades latinoamericanas, en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de registros escritos y encuestas respondidas por los estudiantes y analizados a partir de una visión freireana de educación. Los problemas junto con el sufrimiento emocional de los jóvenes revelaron el distanciamiento entre docentes y estudiantes y entre sus pares, lo que impactó su proceso formativo. Una práctica educativa que valore el diálogo y los contextos (...) de intereses y motivaciones de los estudiantes se torna fundamental para su formación académica más humana, integrada y transdisciplinar. (shrink)

Just Ecological Integrity presents a collection of revised and expanded essays originating from the international conference "Connecting Environmental Ethics, Ecological Integrity, and Health in the New Millennium" held in San Jose, Costa Rica in June 2000. It is a cooperative venture of the Global Ecological Integrity Project and the Earth Charter Initiative.

La celebración de fiestas en honor a los santos patronos de las comunidades andinas es una de las manifestaciones de religiosidad más extendidas desde Colonia. Másallá de entenderla como una manifestación en continuidad directa con las prácticas cúlticas del Tawantinsuyo o la ritualidad católica española, consideramos que esta festividad es un fenómeno emergente que debe ser analizado en su especificidad. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la figura del santo y su eficacia simbólico-ritual en la fiesta patronal andina desarrollada (...) durante el periodo colonial (XVI-XVII). A partir del análisis de una serie de crónicas coloniales, intentaremos mostrar que las especificidades rituales de la fiesta y de la operación del santo como símbolo icónico dominante permiten comprender su eficacia simbólica, así como también la co-existencia de diversas interpretaciones y escenificaciones rituales que darían cuenta de la agencialidad ritual de la comunidad. The celebration of festivities in honor of the patron saints of the Andean communities is one of the most widespread manifestations of religiosity from the Colony. Beyond understood as a manifestation in direct continuity with the cultic practices of the Catholic ritual Tawantinsuyo or Spanish, we believe that this festival is an emerging phenomenon that must be analyzed in its specificity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the figure of the saint and their efficacy in symbolic ritual Andean fiesta developed during the colonial period (XVI-XVII). From the analysis of a series of colonial chronicles, try to show that the specific rituals of celebration and operation saint as provide insight dominant iconic symbol symbolic effectiveness, as well as the co-existence of different interpretations and stagings rituals give account of agency community ritual. (shrink)

Las edificaciones con valor patrimonial son un testimonio excepcional del progreso de una comunidad y representan ejemplos innegables de la transferencia de conocimientos a lo largo de las generaciones. Es inevitable caminar por centro consolidado de Pasaje y no reconocer el legado cultural de muchas edificaciones. Sin embargo, también resulta fácil observar las alteraciones erróneas que sea han realizado a estas edificaciones con el objetivo de responder a las “nuevas exigencias” de la actualidad. La conservación de los bienes patrimoniales resulta (...) necesaria para la preservación de la integridad e identidad de la ciudad. La presente investigación posibilita entender el nivel de susceptibilidad que presentan las edificaciones consideradas como bienes patrimoniales, debido a que estás viviendas poseen un valor cultural. El objetivo de la investigación es el de identificar la susceptibilidad sísmica a las que están expuestas, para esto se utilizaron métodos de matrices de evaluación sísmica para medir el nivel de susceptibilidad en las edificaciones patrimoniales. (shrink)

Since the 1980s, there has been a significant increase in the number of studies concerning Andalusian rural settlements linked to irrigated agriculture, both related to large suburban green belts and to small hydraulic systems. In the vast areas where water is scarce, the settlement apparently would have been concentrated in cities and fortified towns, leaving without population most of the dry lands between them. However, thanks to the intensive survey of one of these regions, La Mancha’s Southeastern area, we are (...) recording a dense rural settlement corresponding to a pattern unknown until now. It consists basically of small villages in plain, devoid of community defense elements, which must have been inhabited by humble peasants, judging by the modesty of the architecture and domestic goods. Surely they make use of the scanty natural resources, which have traditionally oriented the economy of the region towards livestock and rainfed agriculture. In particular, the studied settlement would be related to the demand of wool for the export oriented textile production of the region, within the framework of the commercial expansion of that period. Apparently, most of those villages could have appeared in the eleventh century, disappearing in the middle of the thirteenth century because of the Christian conquest. Their existence would be associated with a general context of population growth that pushed the competition between urban elites and peasants pursuing the privileged agricultural areas, as well as the colonization of less favorable production areas. (shrink)

La presente ponencia analiza las relaciones de opresión, en los términos de I. M. YOUNG, que se generan a partir de las principales disposiciones del Sistema de Pensiones chileno establecido por el Decreto Ley 3.500, de 1980 y la Ley Nº 20.255, de 2008, el cual al basarse en estereotipos de género, produce graves consecuencias para las mujeres en materia de pensiones al no abordar las estructuras que asignan a las mujeres determinadas tareas en la sociedad, repercute en el monto (...) de sus pensiones y las somete a condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad en relación con los hombres. (shrink)

La instauración del sistema penal acusatorio en varios países de Latinoamérica ha enfrentado el reto, entre muchos, de configurar nuevos estándares para la actuación judicial. Este artículo se centra en el reto que representa para los juzgadores valorar la confiabilidad de la prueba científica, dado que su naturaleza excede el conocimiento de la mayoría de ellos. Evaluar la confiabilidad y corrección de la prueba científica para asignarle un peso específico en el acervo probatorio es una labor para la que el (...) juez requiere de un análisis multidisciplinario. A manera de guía para el juzgador y como una herramienta innovadora en el ambiente judicial latinoamericano, se proponen lineamientos generales y específicos a seguir en la valoración de la confiabilidad de la prueba en tres áreas forenses. (shrink)

O texto apresenta um mapeamento exploratório inicial da realidade do ensino de filosofia no ensino fundamental e médio na rede de ensino público e privado de Teresina/PI, realizado no ano de 2000,objetivando disponibilizar dados para a organização dessa área de saber como o campo de atuação dos profissionais de filosofia e servir de subsídios à projeção das atividades da universidade na formação desses profissionais e na formulação de políticas de atuação do Departamento de Filosofia/UFPI junto ao ensino básico. O resultado (...) da pesquisa se apresenta na forma de diagnóstico exploratório de natureza quantitativa, especificando aspectos capazes de configurar a realidade da prática pedagógica do ensino de filosofia, tais como: a presença da disciplina no currículo escolar, a carga-horária conferida ao trabalho didático-pedagógico de filosofia, a formação acadêmica dos professores e professoras que ministram a disciplina, os conteúdos programáticos que predominam nos programas da disciplina, a bibliografia básica utilizada como apoio ao trabalho docente, a metodologia deste ensino e a recepção da disciplina entre os estudantes. (shrink)

As notas a seguir traduzem a exposição inicial sobre o tema Democracia e totalitarismo, preparado para o eixo político do projeto de extensão Café Filosófico, ainda sob o calor da tese de doutorado que defendi meses antes, com o título Do fim da experiência ao fim do jurídico: percurso de Giorgio Agamben. Nesta ocasião, com o objetivo de propiciar um momento de recuperação e problematização de noções que costumeiramente tomamos como dadas, procurei aproximar os fenômenos políticos compreendidos por democracia e (...) totalitarismo. Optei, assim, por priorizar as principais características conceituais dos regimes democráticos e totalitários, com a finalidade de evidenciarmos suas diferenças e, quem sabe, percebermos que, nas suas realizações factuais, pontos de intercessão e indeterminação podem ser identificados. (shrink)

El presente trabajo analiza la (in)visibilización de los colectivos en especial situación de vulnerabilidad en las principales medidas diseñadas para abordar y controlar la pandemia por COVID-19, con especial referencia a las principales recomendaciones de los órganos de protección de los derechos humanos. Asimismo, indaga en cómo estas medidas pueden constituir un factor que potencie los obstáculos para el ejercicio de los derechos y enuncia las oportunidades que la pandemia puede abrir para configurar una mayor protección de las personas y (...) su dignidad. (shrink)

Para poder entender el pensamiento de Foucault es necesario enfocarse en varios principios que utilizaba o planteaba con el propósito de ir ligando cada uno de ellos para poder alcanzar y conocer su filosofía. Entre los principios o términos que hizo más resonar dentro de su filosofía fue el del “poder”, el cual manejaba, a grandes rasgos, como un factor sustancial que se da dentro de cualquier cuerpo social y, que, a su vez, tiene cada ser humano, este es un (...) principio de dominación que es aplicado desde la antigüedad, que bien con el paso del tiempo ha ido cambiando, pero también podemos decir que sigue teniendo el mismo contenido. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tiene como propósito mostrar, cómo el concepto de poder se ha ido forjando desde filósofos clásicos, también sobre cómo se plasmaba el sentido de quién en realidad podía tenerlo y quién no, explicado de tal modo, que, como lo plantea Foucault, los hombres mediante el contrato se den su poder por una colaboración.Nuestro trabajo, pretende establecer el término “poder” en el modo en que Foucault lo contemplaba, ya sea con todos sus pros y contras, para así mediante ello, poder forjar y reafirmar nuestras ideas y así extrapolar, poco a poco, su pensamiento, para crear nuestra propia crítica y mostrar cómo la sociedad contemporánea se está deshumanizando y, a su vez, se está perdiendo en un sin sentido de “poder” y manipulación por el otro, lo cual da como resultado, hombres máquina, incapaces de pensar y de forjar su pensamiento. (shrink)

Valorising the biocultural heritage of common goods could enable peasant farmers to achieve socially and economically inclusive sustainability. Increasingly appreciated by consumers, peasant heritage products offer small farmers promising opportunities for economic, social and territorial development. Identifying the obstacles and levers of this complex, multi-scale and multi-stakeholder objective requires an integrative framework. We applied the panarchy conceptual framework to two cases of participatory research with small quinoa producers: a local fair in Chile and quinoa export production in Bolivia. In both (...) cases, the “commoning” process was crucial both to bring stakeholders together inside their communities and to gain outside recognition for their production and thus achieve social and economic inclusion. Despite the differences in scale, the local fair and the export market shared a similar marketing strategy based on short value chains promoting quality products with high identity value. In these dynamics of biocultural heritage valorisation, the panarchical approach revealed the central place as well as the vulnerability of the community territory. As a place of both anchoring and opening, the community territory is the privileged space where autonomous and consensual control over the governance of common biocultural resources can be exercised. (shrink)

Este estudio explora la formación en investigación educativa y su efecto en la productividad científica, a través de itinerarios y significados. Se entrevistaron y analizaron los relatos de 15 profesores de una facultad de educación en una universidad peruana en proceso de formación investigativa. Los hallazgos destacan diversas vías formativas con impacto directo en la producción científica, subrayando una inclinación por la colaboración en publicaciones y la relevancia de revistas científicas. Esto resalta la estrecha interconexión entre formación e investigación para (...) generar conocimiento que aborda cuestiones educativas. (shrink)

El artículo aborda la responsabilidad médica penal por omisión en situaciones de emergencia de salud, debido a las dudas que aún existen sobre el accionar médico en estas circunstancias y las posibles consecuencias jurídicas por negligencia, impericia e imprudencia. La responsabilidad médica incluye la obligación moral de responder de los propios actos y reparar o indemnizar las consecuencias perjudiciales para terceros. Se identifican las falencias en las normativas ecuatorianas con relación al actuar médico en situaciones de emergencia de salud y (...) se busca aportar a la academia con publicaciones de conocimiento. Se analizan los elementos normativos y fácticos de la responsabilidad médica penal por omisión en situaciones de emergencia de salud en la República de Ecuador, y se busca identificar el marco normativo en la legislación ecuatoriana para superar la inadecuada actuación médica en estas situaciones. El conocimiento de la normativa legal contribuye a superar la responsabilidad médica penal por omisión en situaciones de emergencia en el Ecuador y se menciona y se analiza el art.146 del COIP que es la normativa vigente. El artículo concluye que el objetivo no es criminalizar la práctica médica, ya que no toda muerte es homicidio y no todo proceso judicial implica el encarcelamiento de los involucrados. (shrink)

Se estudian los conceptos claves de fortuna, virtù y gloria, con elobjeto de buscar algunas aclaraciones sobre el problema de larelación entre moral y política en Maquiavelo. La virtù maquiavelianaincluye, sin duda, múltiples componentes de energía, talento,pero no está completamente exenta de elementos morales. Delconcepto de fortuna podemos extraer una serie de criterios parala acción política que forman parte de la virtù maquiaveliana, lacual, si bien se aleja de la moral cristiana vigente en su tiempo, lesitúa dentro de una moral (...) republicana. Del examen del conceptode gloria descubrimos cómo la gloria es recompensa de la virtù,pero no se reconoce a cualquier político que tiene éxito en susempresas, sino solo a quien salva a la patria y lo hace con mediosbenignos. (shrink)

La lectura de los clásicos, el estudio de la historia y la atenta observación de la práctica política de su tiempo le llevarán a Maquiavelo a romper con la tradición humanista sobre la propiedad y a defender la necesidad de limitaciones sobre la misma. Su concepción republicana sobre la propiedad se concentra en el lema de que la ciudad sea rica y los ciudadanos pobres. Esto supone una política de moderación que excluye por igual la concepción oligárquica de quienes confunden (...) la riqueza de la ciudad con la de sus gobernantes; así como el igualitarismo radical de los que niegan con su exclusivismo la existencia de los dos humores que debidamente coordinados hacen que una república, con un gobierno mixto, sea segura, estable y rica. (shrink)

The creation of a citizen militia is a characteristic pretension of the Renaissance republicanism. The republic cannot lack defense nor defend themselves with mercenary armies. For Machiavelli, Guicciardini or Giannotti the citizen has a set of virtues, like austerity, discipline, patriotism or bravery, that make him the best soldier. Therefore, the Republican regime needs the citizens to be soldiers, because the military discipline itself is a means necessary to forge such civic virtues without which no republic can survive.

Este trabajo aborda la realidad actual de los medios de comunicación de masas y cómo los mitos del liberalismo a propósito de la libertad de expresión han sido sistemáti-camente destruidos. La tesis liberal de la separación entre lo público y lo privado ha desaparecido porque todas las empresas de comunicación están subordinadas al Estado. La confianza en el libre mercado ha producido la mayor concentración de empresas mediáticas. El "cuarto poder" no contribuye a la limitación del poder del Estado. La (...) lucha por la verdad ha sido sustituida por la manipulación de la opinión pública y por la mentira a favor del gobierno. (shrink)

Background:The acquisition of experience is a major concern for nurses in intensive care units. Although the emotional component of the clinical practice of these nurses has been widely studied, greater examination is required to determine how this component influences their learning and practical experience.Objective:To discover the relationships between emotion, memory and learning and the impacts on nursing clinical practice.Research design:This is a qualitative phenomenological study. The data were collected from open, in-depth interviews. A total of 22 intensive care unit nurses (...) participated in this research between January 2012 and December 2014.Ethical considerations:The School of Nursing Ethics Committee approved the study, which complied with ethical principles and required informed consent.Findings:We found a clear relationship between emotion, memory and the acquisition of experience. This relationship grouped three dimensions: (1) satisfaction, to relieve the patient’s pain or discomfort, give confidence and a sense of security to the patient, enable the presence of family members into the intensive care unit and provide family members with a realistic view of the patient’s situation; (2) error experience, which nurses feel when a patient dies, when they fail to accompany a patient in his or her decision to abandon the struggle to live or when they fail to lend support to the patient’s family; and (3) the feel bad–feel good paradox, which occurs when a mistake in the patient’s care or handling of his or her family is repaired.Conclusion:Emotion is a capacity that impacts on nurses’ experience and influences improvements in clinical practice. Recalling stories of satisfaction helps to reinforce good practice, while recalling stories of errors helps to identify difficulties in the profession and recognise new forms of action. The articulation of emotional competencies may support the development of nursing ethics in the intensive care unit to protect and defend their patients and improve their relationships with families in order to maximise the potential for patient care. (shrink)

Surgical patient safety remains a concern worldwide as, despite World Health Organization recommendations and implementation of its Surgical Safety Checklist, adverse events continue to occur. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the views and experiences of perioperative nurses regarding the factors that impact surgical patient safety. Data were collected through five focus groups involving a total of 50 perioperative nurses recruited from four public hospitals in Spain. Content analysis of the focus groups yielded four main themes: personal (...) qualities of the perioperative nurse, the surgical environment, safety culture, and perioperative nursing care plans. One of the main findings concerned barriers to the exercise of leadership by nurses, especially regarding completion of the Surgical Safety Checklist. Some of the key factors that impacted the ability of perioperative nurses to fulfil their duties and ensure patient safety were the stress associated with working in the operating room, time pressures, and ineffective communication in the multidisciplinary team. Targeting these aspects through training initiatives could contribute to the professional development of perioperative nurses and reduce the incidence of adverse events by enhancing the surgical safety culture. (shrink)

A pesar de que los filósofos modernos se caracterizan por ser versados en muchas disciplinas y ciencias, pocos son los intelectuales que, como Leibniz, logran formular una comprensión del mundo en la que cada una de estas disciplinas se articula con las demás. Esto hace que la propuesta filosófica y científica del hannoveriano, a diferencia de otras propuestas filosóficas de la modernidad, sea lo suficientemente compleja y robusta como para responder muchas problemáticas contemporáneas. Dada la amplia diversidad de temáticas que (...) aborda Leibniz a lo largo de su vida, sin embargo, el presente libro pretende reflexionar tan sólo sobre los alcances de algunas de estas problemáticas, las cuales se encuentran divididas en cinco grupos o ejes temáticos.El primer grupo de textos, así, aborda problemas relacionados con su metafísica y su caracterización dinámica del mundo. El segundo comprende aquellos textos relacionados con lógica, argumentación y filosofía del lenguaje, mientras que en el tercero se hace alusión a su caracterización de la belleza cara a su noción de orden y armonía. En el cuarto grupo nos encontramos una serie de textos que exploran la relación entre su propuesta filosófica y otras disciplinas, tales como las ciencias naturales, la literatura y la psicología. Finalmente nos encontramos con aquellos textos relacionados con su filosofía práctica, en particular con sus escritos sobre jurisprudencia y filosofía política. (shrink)

The socialism that spread globally after the Russian Revolution of 1917 emerged as a radical political avant-garde in Latin America. In Peru's case, this strain of the avant-garde was not only a literary and artistic movement but also a set of cultural and political practices, the goal of which was the articulation of socialist dreamworlds for a modern nation. In the 1920s, these dreamworlds consisted of alternative utopian narratives to capitalism that envisioned the indio as the modern subject who would (...) reconfigure ideas of community in the country. This article analyzes the utopian narratives of José Carlos Mariátegui, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, and Luis E. Valcárcel, who initially shared many ideals but ultimately took different paths. This study identifies which utopian narrative finally prevailed and their legacy as a blueprint for future ways of thinking about social justice and community in Peru. (shrink)

Nos encontramos ante el pensamiento jurídico de uno de nuestros principañes representantes de la lengua castellana: Fray Luis de León. Esta reflexión leoniana contenida y expresada en el tratado De legibus completa y supera en algunos aspectos la refexión.

Este artículo se enmarca en una línea de investigación que pretende analizar el humor como estrategia creativa en el ensayo audiovisual español. Para ilustrar el objetivo propuesto, se han revisado tres largometrajes que, a pesar de su diversidad, encajan, de una u otra forma y con diversos objetivos, en esta manera de enunciación cinematográfica: La casa Emak Bakia (Oskar Alegria, 2012), Mapa (Elías León Siminiani, 2012) y Muchos hijos, un mono y un castillo (Gustavo Salmerón, 2017). Los tres comparten (...) algunas características del ensayo audiovisual (la reflexividad, la escritura del yo y una preocupación estética que llega al cuestionamiento de las propias formas de expresión) y recurren al humor como un recurso para construir sus relatos. Por ello, se han revisado algunas de las características del ensayo audiovisual, se ha analizado el humor como elemento narrativo que se consigue a través de diversas instancias enunciativas y se ha pasado revista a dos recursos al servicio del humor. (shrink)

When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico they were astonished and stupiti ed by the strangeness of this new world, in which beauty and horror merged. It was not by accident that Hernán Cortés spoke of “its grandeur, the strange and marvelous things of this land,” and resigned himself to the impossibility of adequately describing these things: “Even badly expressed, I know very well that they will be so amazing that they will not be believed, because even those of us who (...) have seen these things with our own eyes are unable to comprehend them.” Travelling the land, Bernal Díaz del Castillo was overwhelmed as he beheld an “enchanted” land that reminded him of Amadis de Gaul. “Some of us asked ourselves whether what we were seeing was a dream.” Everything was strange and “never seen before.” Both men praised the great cities, such as Tlaxcala, “so grand and deserving of such admiration that even though much of what I could say about it must be left unsaid, what little I will say is almost incredible …”; or Tenochtitlán, “the most beautiful thing in the world,” with its structures and gardens “so marvelous, that it seemed to me almost impossible to describe their perfection and grandeur.” The native works of gold and silver, and of stone and feathers, seemed so extraordinary to the Spaniards “that it is simply impossible to understand how these objects, and with what instruments, were made so perfect.” Cortés as much as Bernal Díaz praised the capabilities of the Indians; their wisdom in peace, their courage in war. But most amazing of all was their religion. Its external aspects provoked horror and repugnance: the menacing ugliness of their “idols,” their bloody sacrifices, and the anthropophagy - according to the Spaniards, one could imagine nothing more “horrible and abominable.” Despite all this, the Spaniards could not help but marvel at their religious zeal, their devotion and diligence: “If they truly serve God with such faith, fervor, and diligence, they must be able to work many miracles.” Emerging from the ocean like a mirage or a dream, the new world was at once incomprehensible and fascinating, refined and abominable, beautiful and terrible. To the eyes of Western man, it was foreign, strangeness itself, the quintessential “other.”. (shrink)

Offers a thorough, multidisciplinary picture of the informational challenges of our media ecosystem, as well as collaborative strategies for addressing them.

En el actual clima de acechantes cuestionamientos sobre la identidad regional, suelen tener recepción versiones cuando no ahistóricas o esencialistas, deterministas o simplistas que lo que hacen es reducir la noción arrinconándola en categorías que poco o nada aportan a la autocomprensión de nuestros pueblos. De modo que resulta pertinente volver sobre una mirada en que la identidad debe ser concebida como un fenómeno social complejo, conflictuado y relacional en constante reconstrucción. Nuestra América, en este sentido, sigue siendo un texto (...) fundamental porque no solo permite comprender la idea de nación moderna que propone el cubano, sino también el modo de construirla. Un proyecto sociocultural inconcluso y que lo será solo si acepta la diferencia como constructo base de nuestra heterogénea realidad. In the current climate of pressing questions about regional identity, there tends to be, if not ahistorical or essentialist versions, at least determinist or simplistic ones that only reduce the notion cornering it into categories that contribute little or nothing to the understanding of our peoples. Therefore, it is pertinent to turn our eyes toward a vision of identity that should be conceived as a complex, conflictive, and relational social phenomena in constant reconstruction. “Nuestra América”, in this sense, continues to be a fundamental text since it not only permits us to understand the idea of the modern nation proposed by the Cuban, but also the way in which it must be build. This is an inconclusive sociocultural project which will only be finished if difference is accepted as a basic building block of our heterogenous reality. (shrink)

El presente artículo apunta a discutir cómo los actos cívicos o los monumentos actuaron en los albores del siglo XX como mecanismos de articulación dinámica de la “chilenización” en el desierto tarapaqueño, particularmente en el puerto de Iquique. Se reflexiona desde una perspectiva sociohistórica en torno a las fiestas públicas como rituales simbólicos donde se materializa la integración y/o pertenencia a la comunidad nacional; eventos cívicos que no dejaron de ser menos persuasivos como otras formas mas “violentas” de implantar y (...) promover el sentido de la Nación en los nuevos territorios anexados al Estado chileno. (shrink)

The article is proposed as a reading of A Feminist Theory of Refusal (2021), by Bonnie Honig. Under the assumption that Honig has the merit of introducing into feminist political theory a thought of rejection patiently elaborated from a commentary on literary figures such as Antigone and Bartleby, the article interrogates the logic of resistance that these figurations of negativity advance. From the perspective of A Feminist Theory of Refusal, the names of Antigone and Bartleby are not only subjective indications (...) of the interruption of a domain, but above all they are agonistic figurations of a politics that has the dispute of meaning as one of its main axes. In other words, the politics of rejection that Honig proposes is at the same time an agonal politics that is organized around the meaning of words, of the narratives that structure the commonality of a social order. Following this line of reading, the essay sets out to interrogate the politics of rejection elaborated by Honig from the figurations that embody it. (shrink)

Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, several changes have been forcibly made and observed in various fields and areas of society, one of which include the field of education; the foundation of the formation of intellect and knowledge. After two years of studying indoors and private educational institutions holding virtual classes, the time has finally come for students to be re- adjusted once more to the blended mode of learning; a combination of virtual and in-person classes. Thus, this study aimed to (...) investigate the development of students’ study habits and how these habits could potentially affect the students’ academic achievement or performance. The study utilized a descriptivecorrelational design to examine the impact of study habits to the academic performance of 137 senior high school students. The study made use of the Palsane and Sharma’s Study Habits Inventory, or also known as PSSHI, and using this instrument, the study has been able to procure sufficient results that will answer the present study’s problems. Using linear regression analysis, the present study found that there was a significance between the study habits and academic performance of the senior high school students, thus the study’s null hypothesis was eventually rejected. (shrink)